By 2030, India will have over 23 million gig workers. Most of them will have no formal contract, no social security and no guaranteed income. This is not a future risk. It is already the reality.
India is in the middle of a structural shift in how work is defined and delivered. From delivery riders and app-based drivers to freelance designers and home tutors, millions are earning through platforms without a fixed employer or long-term security. According to NITI Aayog, the gig workforce is projected to grow from 7.7 million in 2020-21 to 23.5 million by 2029-30. This is no longer a marginal trend; it is the backbone of India’s labour market. Yet, the systems meant to prepare and protect workers remain rooted in a bygone era of permanent employment.
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